Petra

ENGLISH - The Sacred City:

The Sacred City presents compelling evidence that suggests the holy city of Mecca is in the wrong location & the worlds 1.6 billion Muslims are praying in the direction of the wrong city. …

PETRA: Introduction:

The ancient Nabataean city of Petra holds many secrets. Historians are just beginning to uncover the story behind this amazing city. We here at Nabataea.net believe that in time Petra will become …

Let The Stones Speak:

Dan Gibson’s definitive new book on early Islamic qiblas, based on over 200 archaeological sites from the first centuries of Islam. Discover why there were multiple qiblas, who created them, and why …

Q&A #01 Where were the Romans?:

Click below to watch the video If Petra is the original Holy City of Islam, why did the Roman army not get involved earlier. Dan Gibson traces the whereabouts of the Byzantine Roman army and …

Archaeology and Islam #01 - Petra Mosques:

Click below to watch the video Archeology and Islam #1 The Petra Mosques. Mosques from the first century of Islam pointed to Petra Transcript Video #1 This is a general transcript of a Dan …

Nabataean Culture:

When one uses the word ‘culture,’ it can encompass many different subjects. In this page, we want to look at a number of topics, such as Nabataean houses, ceramics, and water collection …

Desert Life:

For thousands of years, the people of the Middle East have been moving from nomadic lifestyle to settled lifestyle. Cities offer better protection and are centers for learning and exchanging ideas. …

Q&A #02 What About Medina?:

Click below to watch video If Petra was the original Holy City of Islam, then what about the city of Medina? Was it also in a different Place? Dan Gibson traces out the history of Medina and the …

Talking with Dan Gibson #02 The Nabataeans, Builders of Petra:

Series: Talking with Dan Gibson: A review of Dan Gibson’s book: The Nabataeans, Builders of Petra. This is a look at the Arab merchant empire in Arabia before the time of Muhammad, who was …

Archaeology and Islam #02 - The Between Mosques:

Click below to watch the video Archeology and Islam #2 The Between Mosques do not face Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Who built them and why? Transcript Video #2 This is a general transcript of a Dan …

ALBANIAN - QYTETI I SHENJTË Arabisht me titra shqip :

Sacred City - Arabic with Albanian subtitles QYTETI I SHENJTË Zbulimi i vendlindjes së vërtetë të Islamit. Një film dokumentar 90 minutësh. Arabisht me titra shqip. Direct Download: You may down …

01 Introduction to 2023 Videos:

Dan and Chad start a new video series, introducing the book: Let The Stones Speak. This video is subtitled in Hindi, Urdu and Bengali. In YouTube, click the gear wheel and then choose subtitles. …

Petra: Lost City of Stone:

One of the best videos about the history of Petra.

Q&A #03 Moving the Black Rock:

Click below to watch the video: How did Ibn Zubayr pick today’s Mecca as a place to move the Black Rock? How did he get so many people to move from Petra? How did they feed them? Dan Gibson …

Archaeology and Islam #03 - The Ka'ba:

Click below to view video Who built the original Ka’ba? Where was it? When was it destroyed and rebuilt? Can we find the original Ka’ba? Transcript Video #3 This is a general …

AMHARIC - The Sacred City:

ቅድስቲቱ ከተማ - አማርኛ - የ 85 ደቂቃ ዘጋቢ ፊልም። የአዘጋጁ መብት በሕግ የተጠበቀ ነው። ይዘቱ እስካልተለወጠ ድረስ ኮፒ ማድረግና ማሰራጨት የተፈቀደ ነው። The Sacred City - Amharic - Please do not change the contents of this film. It is copyrighted. …

The Price of Honor:

Sixth, because they were misunderstood, they may have felt freer to use deception and bribery. Again, a parallel can be made with the gypsies of modern Jordan. Because of their low social status, they …

Qura'nic Geography:

Qur'anic Geography THIS BOOK IS NOW OUT OF PRINT This was Gibson’s original book (2010) that introduce the topic of Islamic Qiblas, among many other topics. Gibson’s research on …

Qura'nic Geography:

Qur'anic Geography THIS BOOK IS NOW OUT OF PRINT This was Gibson’s original book (2010) that introduce the topic of Islamic Qiblas, among many other topics. Gibson’s research on …

Q&A #04 Where was Ta'if:

Click below to watch the video Do descriptions of ancient Ta’if fit the current Ta’if in Saudi? Where was the city wall? Where was the temple of Allat? Dan Gibson suggests a location in …

Talking with Dan Gibson #04 Early Islamic Qiblas:

Dan Gibson introduces his book: Early Islamic Qiblas, and explains what is in the book.

ARABIC - المدينة المقدسة :

The Sacred City - In Arabic - 85 minutes - Documentary film Please do not change the content of this film. But it can be copied and re-posted without any changes. Direct Download: You may down this …

Coins:

Ten typical Nabataean coins.

History of Nabataea:

The History of Nabataea Dan Gibson, 2002,2022 EARLY NABATAEAN HISTORY (300 BC - 26 BC) For centuries, the land of Edom was the crossroads for caravans traveling north and south, and sometimes east …

Names for the city of Petra:

Research Paper by Dan Gibson and Dr. Peter Harremoës.

Q&A #05 Why a Cube?:

Click below to watch the video What is the origin of the Ka’ba? Who was King Tubba? Why was a cube shape used for the Ka’ba? Why is the cube shape special in ancient Petra? Why is it …

Archaeology and Islam #05 - Petra in The Qur'an:

Click below to watch the video: Who built the original Ka’ba? Where was it? When was it destroyed and rebuilt? Can we find the original Ka’ba? Transcript Video #5 This is a general …

Pottery:

NABATAEAN POTTERY A Nabataean oil lamp. Thousands of these have been discovered throughout Nabataea. Oil was poured into the middle of the lamp, and a wick was inserted in the left side and lighted. …

Navigation and the Qibla #5 The Indian Circle:

An introduction to the Indian Circle, used by early Muslims to find Qibla directions. This is described to us by al-Battānī, Khwārazm, Ḥabash al-Ḥāsib and others. Transcript Navigation and the Qibla: …

Book: Let the Stones Speak:

Dan Gibson’s definitive new book on early Islamic qiblas, based on over 200 archaeological sites from the first centuries of Islam. Discover why there were multiple qiblas, who created them, and why …

Archaeology and Islam #06 - Mecca on Ancient Maps:

Click below to watch the video: Dan Gibson addresses the question of Macorba and other locations being the city of Mecca on ancient maps. Transcript Video #6 This is a general transcript of a …

BENGALI - সেই পবিত্র শহর :

সেই পবিত্র শহর” হল ইসলাম প্রতিষ্ঠা বিষয়ক একটি প্রামাণ্যচিত্র। ফিল্মটি দেখতে বা ডাউনলোড করতে ক্লিক করুন: The Sacred City (in Bangla language) Please do not change the contents of this film. It …

Writing:

Introduction As far as we know, the Nabataeans were not great writers of books. Very little literature has passed down to us. We have no literature from the early years, and the famous Petra Scrolls …

The Stone Cutter:

The Stone Cutter by Brock Meier A doomed quest of love and ambition, awash in the glories of the Nabataean Kingdom— The young sculptor Nahor enters the fast-track of the art world in the spectacular …

Talking with Dan Gibson #07 Interview:

Dan Gibson answers questions about: the change of Qibla; Who was first, you or Patricia Crone; what do you think of the book by Andy Bannister, how did the Ka’ba move from Petra to Mecca, what …

Multi-Alphabet Theory:

Two Families of Alphabets Throughout the Middle East, graffiti is found in a number of different forms, but they seem to fall into two distinct families of alphabets. These are important, for …

Q&A #07 The Rahat Mosque:

Click below to view the video Are media reports true that say the Rahat mosque is perhaps the oldest mosque in the world? Dan Gibson demonstrates that the Rahat mosque is not the oldest in the …

CHINESE - 神聖之城 :

一部85分鐘的紀錄片。 有關伊斯蘭教成立的新發現。The Sacred City An 85 minute documentary film. New discoveries about the founding of Islam. French with Chinese Subtitles 伊斯蘭教聖地起源-新發現-佩特拉 Direct Download: You may down this …

Archaeology and Islam #07 - Zamzam:

Click below to watch the video Where was the original ZamZam well? In Mecca or in Petra? Transcript Video #7 This is a general transcript of a Dan Gibson video in the series: Archeology and …

CHITTAGONG - পবিত্র শর:

পবিত্র শর পবিত্র শর: ইসলাম আর কিবলা লই চিটাইংগা ভাষাত ৮৫ মিনিটর উগ্গ তইত্তচিত্র। ফেট্রা কি ইসলামর ফইলা পবিত্র শর আছিল না? Direct Download: You may down this video directly for your personal use, …

Q&A #08 Al-Aqsa:

Click below to watch the video: The Qur’an speaks of Al Aqsa over a hundred years before it was built in Jerusalem. So where was the original Al Aqsa described as being in Jiranah? …

Archaeology and Islam #08 - Historical Muhammad:

Click below to watch the video Was Muhammad a real historical figure? Dan Gibson explains why he thinks Muhammad was a real person. Transcript Video #8 This is a general transcript of a Dan …

A Statistical Assessment of Early Islamic History and the Qibla: Comparing the Theories of David King and Dan Gibson:

by Walter R. Schumm and Zvi Goldstein Abstract Dan Gibson has argued that the first holy city of Islam was Petra. David King has disputed Gibson’s conclusions. Using data from Gibson’s website, the …

The Cave of Letters:

In 1951 a set of Nabataean manuscripts surfaced in the Middle East. They were purportedly from Wadi Sayaal, on the west side of the Dead Sea. The manuscripts included some twenty items, Some of them …

Talking with Dan Gibson #09 Unpacking the Petra Scrolls:

Dan Gibson receives a large box, with the five book series The Petra Scrolls, published by ACOR. He unpacks it and talks about checking it out. Filmed in spring 2019. See the next video under …

Q&A #09 Was Adam a Muslim?:

Click below to watch the video Several viewers have asked this question. Dan Gibson turns aside from his usual archeology study to address the issue of the existence of Islam before the prophet …

Archaeology and Islam #09 - Muhammad in Petra:

Click below to watch the video Did the Prophet Muhammad live in Petra or Mecca? Was he surrounded by Idols? Did he worship idols in his early life? Transcript Video #9 This is a general …

FARSI - فیلم مستند:

فیلم مستند 90 دقیقه ای موسیقی متن فیلم فارسی کشفیات جدید در مورد سالهای بنیادین اسلام. دوبله فارسی Direct Download: You may down this video directly for your personal use, showing to audiences, and …

Rediscovery:

The first modern European to see Petra was Johannes L. Burckhardt, a Swiss geographer and scholar who traveled in 1812 disguised as Ibrahim bin Abdallah, a Muslim pilgrim. His drawings and …

The Petra Scrolls:

These scrolls consist of 152 rolls of burnt papyri found in the old Byzantine church in Petra. At first archeologists were very pessimistic about the Petra Scrolls. They were deep black, fragile, and …

Dan Gibson lectures in Calgary Canada:

Dan Gibson: Calgary Lecture A 90 minute lecture given by Dan Gibson in Calgary, Canada, introducing some of the main points found in his book: Let The Stones Speak.

ITALIAN - The Sacred City - COMING SOON:

Coming soon.

Q&A #10 Where was Shib Abi Talib?:

Click below to watch the video If Petra is the original city of Islam, then where was Shib Abi Talib? Muhammad’s home was there, and the Muslims were trapped there during the persecution of …

FRENCH - La ville sacrée:

A la decouverte du lieu de naissance reel de I’Islam Gratuit pour copier, afficher, publier en ligne, mais ne pas modifier ou modifier le contenu. Direct Download: You may down this video …

Archaeology and Islam #10 - Battle of Badr:

Click below to watch the video: Where did the Battle of Badr take place? In Saudi Arabia or in Jordan? What historical evidence backs up the two suggested locations? Does this prove or disprove …

The Qibla Story # 1 Introducton:

Part 1⁄7 What is a Qibla? Where did the first mosques of Islam face? Transcript Hello. I’m Dan Gibson and this is the first video in a short series about the Qibla. I thought I would go …

Petra:

Petra is the best known of all of the Nabataean cities. Today thousands of tourists visit this site and stare in awe at the huge funerary monuments. While there are over 1000 monuments in Petra, there …

HAUSA - The Sacred City:

Ganowar Ainihin Wurin Kafuwar Musulunci (Dubbed in Hausa language)

Q&A #11 Is the Ka'ba a Shiva Temple?:

Click below to view video Dan Gibson examines the claim that the Ka’ba is actually a Hindu Shiva temple. Why do Hindus see such similarities with Islamic rites? Transcript Video #39 This …

HINDI पवित्र शहर:

पवित्र शहर। 90 मिनट की डॉक्यूमेंट्री फिल्म। इस्लाम की स्थापना के बारे में नई खोजों A 90 minute documentary film on the founding of Islam. Dubbed into Hindi.

Gods and Worship:

NABATAEAN PANTHEON Stone Block God from Petra Artistic rendering of Block God Stone Block Gods In the Greco-Roman world as well as the Parthian East, people have always accorded the gods with …

Q&A #12 Where was Ghadir Khumm?:

Click below to watch the video: If Petra is the actual Holy City of Islam, then where was Ghadir Khumm located? Dan Gibson explores the history and significance of Ghadir Khumm, and the possible …

INDONESIAN - The Sacred City :

The Sacred City - A 90 minute documentary film on the founding of Islam - Dubbed into Indonesian Coming Soon

Not 100 Qiblas, but 4 - Qibla Controversy EP.3:

KOREAN - The Sacred City 제목:

제목: 신성한 도시 이슬람 태동에 대한 다큐멘터리 - 90분 이슬람 태동의 도시 페트라? The Sacred City - English with Korean Subtitles

Burial Practices:

NABATAEAN BURIAL PRACTICES Every day hundreds of tourists stare in awe at the magnificent tombs in the ancient city of Petra. Indeed, they are among the most fantastic tomb facades in the world. But …

An Overview of Chinese History:

15th Century BC to 15th Century AD A brief historical overview to help students of Nabataean history understand what was taking place in other parts of the world, and how these changes affected …

Q&A #14 Where was Paran?:

Click below to watch the video The ancient records tell us that the city of Mecca was located in the Paran wilderness.So where was Paran? Dan Gibson examines ancient manuscripts to set the record …

RUSSIAN - The Sacred City:

The Sacred City documentary film - In RUSSIAN language, 85 minutes. About the founding of Islam Direct Download: You may down this video directly for your personal use, showing to audiences, and …

Archaeology and Islam #14 - Petra Pilgrimage:

Click below to watch the video: Tracing the original Islamic pilgrimage through Petra. Discover places like Jiranah, al-Aqsa, al-Adna, the Ka’ba, Safa, Marwa, Mina, Dhu al-Hulaifa, Jamrat …

Nabataean Zodiac:

NABATAEAN ZODIAC Artifacts found among the ruins of a Nabataean temple, known as Khirbet Tannur have contributed to our knowledge of the art and religion of the ancient Nabataeans. At the same time, …

SWAHILI - The Sacred City:

Kugundua mahali halisi kulikozaliwa Uisilamu The Sacred City dubbed into Swahili 90 minute documentary film

The Elephant and the Nabataeans:

Why did the desert dwelling Nabataeans have such a close association with elephants? Why did these beasts decorate their public buildings? And were they Indian, Syrian, North African, or African …

TURKISH - Kutsal Şehir:

The Sacred City - Turkish dub - İslam ve Kibla hakkında 85 dakikalık bir belgesel film. Petra ve Mekke. An 85 minute documentary film on Islam and the Qibla. Petra and Mecca. Direct Download: You …

Q&A #16 Where was Abwa?:

Muhammad’s mother was buried in Al-Abwa’, which was between Medina and ‘Mecca’. Is this location in Saudi Arabia or in Jordan? Dan Gibson investigates what the early records say, and makes …

Urdu مقدس شہر:

ڈین گبسن کی طرف سے ایک 90 منٹ کی دستاویزی فلم. اسلام کے بانی سال کے بارے میں ۔ The Sacred City - dubbed into URDU.

The Camel and the Nabataeans:

For centuries the Nabataeans moved goods in the desert by camel caravan. The camel was the backbone of their merchant enterprise, and it is only through understanding the camel, that we can better …

Making Sense of Middle Eastern Religions:

MAKING SENSE OF MIDDLE EASTERN RELIGIONS Copyright 2003 CanBooks Throughout the ancient Middle East, various religions and forms of worship sprang up or evolved at different times. Many of these are …

Q&A #17 Khadijah:

What do the ancient sources tell us about Khadijah. Was she a pagan or a Christian before she converted to Islam? Transcript Hello, I am Dan Gibson and this is another video in the Question and …

Nabataean Timeline:

Time line from per-historic times to the rise of Islam, and then the last reference to Nabataeans in Islamic literature.

Q&A #18 Khadijah's House:

Some claim that there is an old ruin in Mecca that was Khadijah’s house? How does this building compare with the earliest records of Islam. Transcript Hello, I am Dan Gibson and this is the …

Archaeology and Islam #19 - The Prophet Isaiah:

Click below to view video Who was Ashiya, and why is he included as a Muslim prophet? Is there any archeological evidence for him? Also see: The Chronology of Isaiah: …

Q&A #21 The Hadiths:

Dan Gibson explains his view of hadith, and why he uses them in his research. Transcript Are the Hadiths Trustworthy or even Useful? Hello, I am Dan Gibson, and this is another video in the series …

Talking with Dan Gibson #21 Interview: Cross and Crescent Discussion Group:

On August 30th, 2020 The Cross and the Crescent Discussion Group interviewed Dan Gibson. The original can be seen on their website:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYAcN…The quality of this …

Archaeology and Islam #21: Altars and Sacrifice:

Click below to view the video Why were altars and blood sacrifice so important to the prophets from Adam all the way up to Yahya. And why do we no long offer blood sacrifices today? Transcript …

Q&A #22 Petra Earthquakes:

When did Petra become a ruined city Dan Gibson provides a survey of earthquakes in Petra, until the end of the city. TRANSCRIPTS \ Hello I am a Dan Gibson, and today’s video will answer the objection …

Talking with Dan Gibson #23 Epic Archaeology:

Epic Archeology YouTube channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9RY…​View this video on YouTube at:https://youtu.be/ya4GD7V6PNk​ What can archaeology, history and historical geography teach …

Archaeology and Islam #23 The Petra Scrolls:

Click below to view the video In 1993 140 charred scrolls and many fragments were found in the back room of an ancient church in Petra. What can we learn from the Petra Scrolls? Discover how the …

Archaeology and Islam #24 Islamic Sites in Petra:

Click below to watch the video: Dan Gibson introduces a new on-line tool that takes visitors on a tour through the Islamic places in Petra. Gibson explains that the original place names in Petra …

Is Petra in Biblical Prophecy?:

For many years now, there has been a popular theory among some Bible believing people that Petra holds a special place in Biblical prophecy. This idea has permeated many sectors of Christianity, and …

Talking with Dan Gibson #24 Indonesian Interview:

An Interview with Dan Gibson, translated live into Indonesia

Talking with Dan Gibson #25 Repository:

Dan Gibson’s database is now available in an academic repository for others to access. The online graphical Qibla Tool can be found at:https://nabataea.net/explore/founding…​. The …

Archaeology and Islam #25 Islamic Graveyards and the Qibla #1:

Click below to watch the video: This is the first video of several videos that will examine the Qiblas of early graveyards in Islam. In this video Dan Gibson looks at the Baqi graveyard in Medina …

Archaeology and Islam #26 Islamic Graveyards and the Qibla #2:

Click below to watch the video: This is the second video of two videos that will examine the Qiblas of early graveyards in Islam. In this video Dan Gibson looks at mosques with a Petra Qibla and a …

Talking with Dan Gibson #26 Cross & Crescent Discussion Group:

On August 30th, 2020 The Cross and the Crescent Discussion Group interviewed Dan Gibson. The original can be seen on their website:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYAcN…​The quality of this …

Archaeology and Islam #28 Evidence Suppressed #2:

Click below to watch the video: When truth is forced underground, it takes several generations before it emerges. Discover the secret sects and suppressed teachings from the second,third and fourth …

Archaeology and Islam #29 Umayyad Qasrs :

Click below to watch the video: Transcript While writing the book: Early Islamic Qiblas, it became increasingly evident that the original Qiblas of Umayyad mosques faced either to the city of …

Archaeology and Islam #30 - The Origin of the Mihrab:

Did the prophet Muhammad initiate the use of the Mihrab or did it come later? Why do the first mosques have no mihrab? What was used to indicate the direction of prayer before the Mihrab was invented, …

Wadi Arabah:

A wadi is a dry river bed or valley. Wadi Arabah is one of the larger wadi’s in the Middle East. It extends 165 km north from Aqaba to the Dead Sea. From here on it is known as the Ghor, which …

Palmyra Central Mosque:

Mosque Name: Palmyra Central Mosque Country: Syria City: Palmyra Year of construction (AH): 18 Year of construction (AD): 640 GPS: 34°33′4.00″N,38°16′5.10″E ArchNet: …

PETRA: Walk In:

Arriving in Petra Petra is located in the country of Jordan in the Middle East. Tourist visas are easy to obtain, and travel to Jordan is usually quite cheap. Once you get to Jordan, local transport …

PETRA: The Siq (Thaniya):

A “thaniya” is a small crack in a mountain. The city of Petra had several thaniyas, or passages through the mountain. The main one is known as the “siq” alowing people to pass …

PETRA: The Small Siq (Thaniya):

As mentioned, there are two main thaniyas, or siqs into Petra. There is also a third, much less know thaniya, that is a great experience. However, this is quite a scamble and should only be done by …

PETRA: Treasury:

As one comes to the end of the siq, the first, and greatest monument of Petra slowly comes into view. This is the famous Treasury monument. It is probably a good idea to stop here and take a picture. …

PETRA: Restoration in the Desert:

Repair Work among the Monuments of Petra, in Jordan The Illustrated London News, March 31, 1962, Page 502⁄503 Archeological Section no 2085 Used by permission In a poor country with a rich …

PETRA: Mystery of the Treasury Monument:

In 1812 the Swiss geographer and scholar, Johannes L. Burckhardt discovered Petra and stood amazed at the magnificence of the Treasury Monument. Since that time thousands of tourists have stood amazed …

PETRA: The Treasury Plaza:

The Treasury Monument in Petra has always been a mystery. No one was sure when the monument was built, nor exactly what its purpose was, although we present an argument on this website that it was the …

PETRA: Street of Facades:

After the viewing the Treasury, we come next to the Street of Facades, which is lined with tall, impressive tombs, with large facades or false faces on their fronts. The street of facades eventually …

PETRA: Water Works:

Along the left hand side of the siq, a covered water channel used to bring water from the spring in Wadi Musa into the center of Petra. Along the right hand side of the siq, clay water pipes …

PETRA: Theater:

The next main monument as we pass along the road into the heart of the city of Petra is the theater up ahead on our left. Petra's theater is cut out of solid rock, and badly deteriorated. The …

PETRA: The Royal Tombs:

The first of the so called Royal Tombs is the Urn Tomb. This tomb is built high on the mountain side, and requires climbing up a number of flights of stairs. Abbe' Starcky has suggested that this …

PETRA: High Place:

also known as Robinson’s High Place The High Place is located at the very top of a mountain. If you want to see it, you will have to climb up there. The main steps to the high place …

PETRA: The Colonnade Street:

The Colonnade Street runs through the center of Petra, with many excavated and unexcavated sites on either side.

PETRA: The Great Temple:

(The Royal Courts?) In 1921 an archeologist named Bachman published a survey of the city of Petra, which soon became a standard that was used by archeologists for several decades. On the south side …

PETRA: The Temple of Al Uzza:

(The Temple of the Winged Lions) The American Expedition to Petra (Utah University) started work on this site in 1974 and excavated it until 2005. Dr. Philip Hammond headed up the excavation for much …

PETRA: The Temple of Dushares / Bint / Hubal:

(Qasr al Bint) Qasr el-Bint, the temple of Dushares, has the largest facade in Petra — 4 m wider than the Khazneh and the Great Temple. It belongs to the Parthian ‘flight’ type of temples …

PETRA: The North Tombs:

The Tombs north of The Royal Tombs The Tombs on this page are located along the side of Jebel el-Kubtha, and are found north of the Royal Tombs. The Sextius Florenthinus Tomb, built for the Roman …

PETRA: The Deir (Monestary):

People in the door of the Deir The Deir monument is 40.2 meters wide and is carved deep into the side of the mountain. The door itself is 8 meters high. The main inside chamber is huge. It is 11.5 …

PETRA: Jebal Habis:

Jebal Habis is a small mountain that stands at the back of Petra. It is dwarfed by the huge shadow of Um al Biera behind it. Jebal Habis is an important mountain however, for along it’s bottom …

PETRA: Um el Beira:

Um el Beira (Biyara) is the great flat topped mountain in the back of Petra. It is possible to climb this mountain if you are good at hiking. Along the left side of the mountain is a processional way …

PETRA: Jebal Haroun:

by Tamás Arany Historical background Jabal Haroun (Aaron’s mountain) is the highest peak in the mountains few kilometres south-west from the ancient city of Petra. The local tradition believes …

PETRA: City of Board Games:

At the Second Annual Conference for Nabataean Studies, Dr. Bilal Khrisat of the Hashemite University, presented a paper that introduced the conference to the various board games that are found in …

PETRA: Ancient Board Games:

At the Second Annual Conference for Nabataean Studies, Dr. Bilal Khrisat of the Hashemite University presented a paper that introduced the conference to the various board games that are found in …

PETRA: Rules for Ancient Games:

Rules and Links for the ancient game of Senet Rules The equipment for Senet is very simple: There are 10 movers, each quite different from each other. In the traditional Egyptian game there were 5 …

PETRA: Southern Tombs:

Near the south end of Petra, close to the jinn rocks that mark the southern side of the Sacred Area are a series of tombs seldom visited by tourists. In one tomb there are twelve graves cut into the …

PETRA: Al Sabra Suburb:

In Wadi Sabra, the Nabataeans had an agricultural and industrial settlement. Hewn into the cliff on the left is a theater. Above the theater was a water reservoir. Behind the theater stage is another …

PETRA: City Walls:

Contrary to popular opinion, Petra is not a city hidden in a crack in a rock mountain. That describes the Treasury monument, but not Petra proper. The city of Petra is located in a wide open valley. …

PETRA: Al Beidha:

After Petra, Al Beidha or Little Petra is the next most important site for the casual visitor in Wadi Musa. This site is only a few kilometers from Petra and easily accessible by taxi or rented car. …

PETRA: Al Beidha (The Neolithic Village):

Outside of Beidha one can find the remains of a Neolithic village. This village has been excavated and is open for the public to see. This is a very ancient site that predates Petra and Al Beidha. It …

PETRA: Churches:

The Christian era at Petra came during the 3rd, 4th and 5th centuries, when the area came under Byzantine control. Although the city remained mainly pagan, there were three churches and a cathedral of …

PETRA: Kubtha High Place:

In recent years the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Jordan has repaired the stairs to Al Kubtha Mountain, making it possible for tourists to climb to the top and visit the High Place and other …

PETRA: Small Delights:

A selection of small things to see around Petra. Most of these are beytel or alters. If you visit Petra, see how many of these you can spot on your visit. Can you see the crescent …

PETRA: The Bedul:

The Bedul are a small tribe of Bedouin who used to live in the caves in Petra. The Jordanian government built them a small village north of Petra with schools and modern utilities. Below are some …

Petroglyphs:

It has been assumed by archeologists and historians that the petroglypth method of writing and communication preceded writing in general, and that once writing systems were developed that the use of …

What These Mysterious Scrolls Tell Us About Women in Petra:

In 1961, archaeologists in southern Israel discovered a mysterious set of documents. They provide valuable clues into the elevated status of Nabataean women in the first century AD.

Flora & Fauna of Nabataea:

This web age will cover the Flora and Fauna found in the deserts of southern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia (Nabataea). The Wild Plants of Jordan, their Medical, Perfume and preventative Qualities, …

Zeila Qiblatain Mosque:

Mosque Name: Qiblatain Mosque (Mosque of the Two Qiblas) Country: Somalia City: Zeila Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 7th century GPS: 11.353723° 43.471351° Gibson …

Job's Tomb & Mosque:

Mosque Name: Job’s Tomb Country: Oman City: Salallah Year of construction (AD): unknown GPS: 17° 6’42.00”N 53°59’38.57”E Gibson Classification: Unknown Rebuilt facing …

Shibam Aqyan Mosque:

Mosque Name: Jamia’ al Kabir Country: Yemen City: Shibam Aqyan Year of construction (AH): 257 AH Year of construction (AD): 871 AD GPS: 15°30’33.55”N 43°54’10.49”E …

Qiblatain Mosque:

Mosque Name: Qiblatain Mosque Country: Saudi Arabia City: Medina Year of construction (AH): 5 AH Year of construction (AD): 626 AD GPS: 24°29’2.72”N 39°34’43.17”E ArchNet: …

Fustat Mosque:

Mosque Name: Jami’ ‘Amr ibn al-‘As Country: Egypt City: Fustat Year of construction (AH): 21 AH Year of construction (AD): 642 AD GPS: 30° 0’38.74”N …

Dome of the Chain:

Mosque Name: Dome of the Chain Country: Israel City: Jerusalem Year of construction (AH): 55 AH Year of construction (AD): 674 AD GPS: 31.77785N 35.235808E Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing …

Humeima Abbas House:

Mosque Name: Humeima Abbas House Country: Jordan City: Humeima Year of construction (AH): 80 AD Year of construction (AD): 699 GPS: 29°56’59.64”N 35°20’45.33”E Gibson …

Seven Sleepers Mosque:

Mosque Name: Seven Sleepers Cave Mosque Country: Jordan City: Amman Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 7th Century GPS: 31°53’56.14”N 35°58’25.81”E …

Jerash Umayyad Mosque:

Mosque Name: Jerash Umayyad Mosque Country: Jordan City: Jerash Year of construction (AH): 105 Year of construction (AD): 725 GPS: 32°16’44.96”N 35°53’28.71”E Gibson …

Aqaba Umayyad Mosque :

Mosque Name: Aqaba Umayyad Mosque Country: Jordan City: Aqaba Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 650 GPS: 29°31’52.06”N 35° 0’1.91”E Gibson …

Qasr Mushash complex:

Mosque Name: Qasr Mushash Country: Jordan City: Desert Castle Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 7th century GPS: 31°48’47.90”N 36°18’56.93”E Gibson …

Qasr El-Bai’j:

Mosque Name: Qasr El-Bai’j Country: Jordan City: Desert Castle Year of construction (AH): pre-Islam Year of construction (AD): 410 GPS: 32°22’7.32”N 36°20’33.28”E Gibson …

Qasr Um Jemal & Congregational Mosque:

Mosque Name: Qasr Um Jemal & Congregational Mosque Country: Jordan City: Um Jemal Year of construction (AH): Year of construction (AD): 7th century GPS: 32°19’29.56”N …

Kathisma Church:

Mosque Name: Kathisma Church Country: Israel City: Bethlehem Year of construction (AD): 8th century GPS: 31°44’21.74”N 35°12’46.99”E Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing …

Sana'a Great Mosque:

Mosque Name: Great Mosque Country: Yemen City: Ṣanʿā Year of construction (AH): 86 AH Year of construction (AD): 705 AD GPS: 15°21’11.28”N 44°12’54.80”E ArchNet: …

Khirbat al Minya:

Mosque Name: Khirbat al Minya Country: Israel City: Khirbat al Minya Year of construction (AH): 87 AH Year of construction (AD): 706 AD GPS: 32°51’56.40”N 35°32’11.72”E …

Tarik Khana Mosque:

Mosque Name: Masjid Tarik Khana Country: Iran City: Damghan Year of construction (AH): 89 AH Year of construction (AD): 708 AD GPS: 36.164323 54.354392 ArchNet: http://archnet.org/sites/1605 Gibson …

Al Aqsa Mosque:

Mosque Name: Al Aqsa Mosque Country: Israel City: Jerusalem Year of construction (AH): 90 AH Year of construction (AD): 709 AD GPS: 31°46’32.63”N 35°14’8.27”E ArchNet: …

Um Al Walid:

Mosque Name: Um Al Walid Country: Jordan City: Um Walid Year of construction (AH): 93 AH Year of construction (AD): 712 AD GPS: 31.646810 35.899799 West Qasr: Gibson Classification: Between East Qasr: …

Khirbit al Mafjar Mosque:

Mosque Name: Khirbit al Mufjar Country: Israel City: Jericho Year of construction (AH): 95 AH Year of construction (AD): 714 AD GPS: 31°53’9.86”N 35°27’32.56”E ArchNet: …

Anjar Palace Mosque:

Mosque Name: Anjar Palace Mosque Country: Lebanon City: Anjar Year of construction (AH): 95 AH Year of construction (AD): 714 AD GPS: 33°43’55.23”N 35°56’1.79”E ArchNet: …

Aleppo Mosque:

Mosque Name: Jami’a al Umawi al Kabir Country: Syria City: Aleppo Year of construction (AH): 96 AH Year of construction (AD): 715 AD GPS: 36.199492°N 37.156911°E ArchNet: …

Sayh Ramdah Mosque:

Mosque Name: Sayh Ramdah Mosque Country: Oman City: Bowshar Year of construction: unknown GPS: 23°32’36.06”N N 58°23’54.99”E Original Qibla: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: never …

Ibra Qiblatain Mosque:

Mosque Name: Ibra Qiblatain Mosque Country: Oman City: Ibra Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 8th century GPS: 22.701938° 58.527554° Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt …

Sawaf Old Mosque:

Mosque Name: Sawafa Mosque Country: Iraq City: Erbil Year of construction (AH): unknown Year of construction (AD): 8th century GPS: 36.183528 44.003195 Original Qibla: Unknown - the yard faces Petra …

Bibi Samarkand Mosque:

Mosque Name: Bibi Samarkand Country: Uzbekistan City: Samarkand Year of construction (AD): unknown GPS: 39°39’38.39”N 66°58’49.57”E ArchNet: …

Massawa Mosque:

Mosque Name: Country: Eritrea City: Massawa Year of construction (CE): 600-699 GPS: 15.611981 39.480632 ArchNet: Gibson Classification: Petra (Jerusalem is very close as well) Rebuilt facing Mecca: …

Siraf Early Mosque:

Mosque Name: Siraf Early Mosque Country: Iran, Year of construction (AD): 750 AD, GPS: 27.668227 52.331410, Gibson Classification: Petra, Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never For a Link to the Qibla Tool Click …

Ali Shrine Najaf:

Name: The Shrine of Ali City: Najaf Country: Iraq Year of construction (AD): 786 GPS: 31.995885 44.314421 Gibson Classification: Petra QIbla Direction: North of Petra, south of Jerusalem Rebuilt …

Husn Umayyad Mosque:

Mosque Name: Husn Umayyad Mosque Country: Jordan City: Hasn Year of construction (AH): 600-699 CE GPS: 32.489716° 35.880004° Gibson Classification: Faces Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never …

al Mudhmar Mosque:

Mosque Name: Al Midhmar Mosque Country: Oman City: Sahail Year of construction (AH): 6 Year of construction (AD): 627 GPS: 23.311637° 58.010857° Gibson Classification: Unknown Rebuilt facing Mecca: …

Mansouri Great Mosque:

Mosque Name: Country: The Monsouri Mosque of Tripoli, Lebanon is also known The Great Mosque of Tripoli. City: Tripoli GPS: 34.434520 35.842500 ArchNet: http://archnet.org/sites/1702 Gibson …

Sultan Yaqub Tomb:

Mosque Name: Sultan Yaʿqūb Tomb Country: Lebanon City: Sultan Yaʿqūb GPS: 33.644314, 35.859838 Gibson Classificaton: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: never Description: Who was Sultan Yaʿqūb? Uncovering …

Sultan Yaqub Mosque:

Mosque Name: Sultan Yacoub Country: Lebanon City: Sultan Yacoub GPS: 33.644409, 35.859977 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: never For a Link to the Qibla Tool Click Here Description: …

Malek Mosque, Zoozan Iran:

Mosque Name: Malek Mosque Country: Iran City: ZooZan Year of construction (AH): 780 Year of construction (AD): 160 GPS: 34.355441 59.876897 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never For …

Ulugh Beg Madrasa:

Mosque Name: Ulugh Beg Madrasa Country: Uzbekistan City: Samarqand Year of construction (AH): 1420 GPS: 39.654781° 66.975731° ArchNet: https://archnet.org/sites/2123 Gibson Classification: Petra …

The Ka'ba:

The Ka’ba The Ka’ba in the city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia is the center of the Islamic world today. It’s roots go back into the early days of Islamic history. Despite this the very …

Odigram Mosque:

Mosque Name: Odigram Mosque Country: Pakistan City: Raja Gir Year of construction (AH): 440 Year of construction (AD): 1048 GPS: 34.743141 72.314213 Qibla Direction: 273 Gibson Classification: Petra …

Nimes Graveyard:

Mosque Name: Nimes Graveyard Country: France City: Nimes Year of Burials: 800 - 900: GPS: 43.833353 4.351409 Gibson Classification: Parallel For a Link to the Qibla Tool Click Here Description: …

Be'er Karkom:

Mosque Name: Be’er Karkom - Two Open-Air Mosques Country: Negev City: Rural, Negev Highlands Year of construction (AD): 700-799 Be’er Karkom1 GPS: 30.289766 34.766608 Gibson …

Samra Mosque:

Mosque Name: Khirbet Samra Mosque Country: Jordan City: Samra, Mufraq Province Year of construction (AD): 600-699 GPS: 32.180045 36.162585 Gibson Classification:: Petra 198 Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never …

Hubras Umayyad Mosque:

Mosque Name: Ḥubrāṣ Umayyad Mosque Country: Jordan City: Ḥubrāṣ Year of construction (AH): 700-799 AD GPS: 32.672086, 35.841391 Gibson Classification: Between Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never Description: …

Hammam asSarah Mosque:

Mosque Name: Hammam as-Sarah Mosque Country: Jordan City: near Hallabat Year of construction (AH): 700 - 799 GPS: 32.083627, 36.36301 Gibson Classification: Petra Qibla, 193, Harremoes measurment: …

Suf Mosque:

Mosque Name: Masjid ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Country: Jordan City: Suf Year of construction (AH): 68 AH Year of construction (AD): 687 AD GPS: 32.31528, 35.83889 Gibson Classification: Petra, 200.9 …

Rajum:

Mosque Name: Rajum Qasr and Mosque also known as: Rujm al-Kursī Country: Jordan City: Amman Year of construction (AH): 600-699 GPS: 31.970292° 35.838694° Gibson Classification: Mosque Qibla: 183.9 …

Hayan Mishref:

Mosque Name: Hayan Mishref Country: Jordan City: Mufraq Governate Year of construction (AD): 700-799 GPS: 32.267299° 36.153612° Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: never Description: …

Sabata:

Mosque Name: Khirbet Sabata (Sabta) Country: Jordan City: Sabata Year of construction (AH): 600-699 GPS: 32.292694 35.851925 Gibson Classification: Petra 187° Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never Description: …

Azraq Qasr:

Name: Qasr Azraq Country: Jordan City: Azraq GPS: 31.880208 36.827282 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never Mosque: The mosque faces the Between Qibla For a Link to the Qibla Tool …

Jerash Small Mosque:

Mosque Name: Jerash Small Mosque Country: Jordan City: Jerash Year of construction (CE): 700-799 GPS: 32.281250° 35.892972° Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt facing Mecca: Never Description: The …

Maqam Zayid ibn Ali:

Mosque Name: Maqam of Zayd ibn Ali Country: Jordan City: Rabat, Moab Year of construction (AH): 740 Year of construction (AD): 122 GPS: 31.268628 35.743585 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt: 1566 …

Mu'tah Qasr and Tomb:

Mosque Name: Mu’tah Qasr and Tomb of Zayid ibn Ali Country: Jordan City: Mu’tah Year of construction (AH): 740 Year of construction (AD): 122 GPS: 31.089892 35.708814 Gibson …

Rashidiya:

This Jordanian Umayyad Qasr has been divided in two by a modern road. It faced Petra. There is a modern mosque beside it.

Beidha Mosques:

Mosque 1 Mosque Name: Umm Qussa Mosque 1 Country: Jordan City: Baidha (near Petra) Year of construction (CE): 800-899 GPS: 30.374861 35.454722 Gibson Classification: Mecca Description: Plan: A long …

Xian Mosque:

Mosque Name: Xian Great Mosque Country: China City: Guangzhou Year of construction (AH): 8 Year of construction (AD): 629 (742) GPS: 23.148262 23.148262 Archnet: https://www.archnet.org/sites/3973 …

Gaza Mosques:

Mosque Name: Gaza Great Mosque (Congregational) Country: Palestine City: Gaza Year of construction (AH): 14 Year of construction (AD): 635 GPS: 31.504283 34.464567 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt …

Maan Qasr:

Mosque Name: Ma’an Qasr Country: Jordan City: Ma’an Year of construction (AH): 700-750 Year of construction (AD): 81-133 GPS: 30.204225 35.789630 Gibson Classification: Petra Rebuilt …